Cultivation, Phytochemistry, Health Claims, and Genetic Diversity of Sambucus nigra, a Versatile Plant with Many Beneficial Properties

Sambucus is a cosmopolitan plant genus that has been used for centuries its medicinal properties and nutritional value. nigra, the most studied species, contains wide range of bioactive compounds have linked to various health benefits. Moreover, fruit elderberry rich source phytochemicals make variety food products. In this review, after an introduction we outline main points cultivation production. We then illustrate major phytochemical components related beneficial properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, pharmaceutical activities. also provide insights into genetic variability, functional diversity, some evolutionary relationships were evaluated with DNA-based techniques. discuss despite long history use potential benefits, nigra received relatively little attention in terms horticulture, breeding, molecular genetics, while studies on biochemical composition benefits are well developed. Further research needed better understand pre-harvest post-harvest factors influence growth production, explore new applications industrial uses underutilized species.